一提到英國廣播公司（BBC）的紀錄片，許多人都會立刻心生敬畏。那些史詩般的畫面、壯美的鏡頭、精良的制作，讓人無比震撼。
《地球脈動》（Planet Earth）
《藍色星球》（The Blue Planet）
然而近日，一則BBC紀錄片造假的新聞刷屏，讓網友們大呼幻滅……
多家外媒曝出BBC在2011年的紀錄片《人類星球》（Human Planet）中，關於樹屋部落的片段是假的，而BBC也已經承認造假。
《每日電訊報》：BBC《人類星球》因設計擺拍的樹屋陷造假風波
《衛報》：BBC承認《人類星球》中樹屋鏡頭為造假：巴布亞新幾內亞部落建造樹上高屋的鏡頭實為編導設計
來看報道：
Viewers of the BBC's Human Planet marvelled at the ingenuityof Papua New Guinea's Korowai people as they built a tree house high above the ground for a tribal family to use as their new home.
觀看過BBC《人類星球》的人們都曾為巴布亞新幾內亞科羅威人的聰明才智而贊嘆不已，他們在遠離地面的高處搭建了一個樹屋，作為部落家族的新居所。
ingenuity [, nd 'nju t ]：心靈手巧，獨創性
The episode of the acclaimeddocumentary series proceeded to show the family moving into the tree house and setting up home there, 140 feet up amid the tall canopyof the rainforest.
這部口碑爆棚的紀錄片在這一集中，講述了這個家族搬進了樹屋，在熱帶雨林中高聳42米的樹冠之上安居生活。
acclaimed：備受推崇的，廣受歡迎的
canopy ['k n pi]：天蓬狀的樹冠﹔華蓋
But it has now emerged that the entire sequence was staged for the cameras, plunging the BBC into a new row over fake programmes.
然而，現在曝出這整個片段都是為了鏡頭拍攝而設計搭建的，BBC因此陷入新一輪節目造假的爭議中。
be staged：舞台演出的﹔有意安排的﹔擺拍
而這件事還是BBC自己人發現的：
The BBC said that during the making of a new documentary series for BBC2, entitled My Year With The Tribe, it emerged that the treehouse scene had been staged.
BBC表示，在BBC第二頻道一部新的紀錄片《我與部落居民居住的一年》拍攝的過程中，樹屋場景的拍攝真相浮出水面。
探險家Will Millard隨攝制組來到當年拍過《人類星球》的部落，當地人告訴他，樹屋根本不是“我們的家”，“只是委托建造的”。
In the upcoming series Will Millard is seen visiting the same Korowai tribe, when - during a trip to a treehouse - they tell him the raised houses “are not our home” and that they were “commissionedfor filming”.
在即將播出的新紀錄片中，Will Millard造訪了同一個科羅威人部落，在去往樹屋的路上，當地人告訴他，那些高處搭建的房子“不是我們的家”，都是“被委托建造，用來拍攝的”。
commissioned：被委任的﹔現役的
Millard說:
“That’s why they’re worried (about) how many people come up here and we might fall through the floor. This is not where they live, this is total artifice”.
所以他們很擔心我們這麼多人跑上來，可能會踩塌地板掉下去。這裡根本不是他們住的地方，完全是假的。
據了解，當地部落實際住的樹屋其實離地面很近。
In fact the families live in tree houses built much closer to the ground, leaving the higher ones for ritual purposes, or simply meeting places for the tribe’s teenagers.
實際上，部落家族們住的樹屋建造得離地面近得多，高處的那些樹屋只是用來舉行儀式的，或者是部落小孩子們碰面的地方。
The programme also failed to make it clear to viewers that the particular tree house filmed for that episode had been erected for the benefit of the cameras.
節目也沒有說清楚，該集中的那個樹屋是為了拍攝而專門建造的。
此新聞一出，引發媒體嘩然，BBC也連忙發了聲明：
The BBC has been alerted to a breach of editorial standards in an episode of Human Planet from 2011 which concerns the Korowai people of West Papua.
BBC被告知，2011年的紀錄片《人類星球》中關於巴布亞新幾內亞科羅威人的一集出現了違反編輯准則的情況。
breach：違背﹔違反
During the making of BBC Two's upcoming documentary series My Year With The Tribe, a member of the tribe discusses how they have built very high treehouses for the benefit of overseas programme makers.
在BBC第二頻道的新紀錄片《我與部落居民居住的一年》拍攝的過程中，一位部落成員談到他們曾特意為海外節目組搭建高高的樹屋。
The BBC has reviewed a sequence in Human Planet depicting this and found that the portrayal of the tribe moving into the treehouse as a real home is not accurate.
BBC重看了《人類星球》中描述部落居民生活的相關畫面，發現關於部落居民搬進樹屋居住的描述是不准確的。
Since this programme was broadcast in 2011, we have strengthened our mandatory training for all staff in editorial guidelines, standards and values.
自該節目於2011年播出以來，我們已經加強了我們所有員工在的編輯指導、准則和價值方面的強制培訓。
BBC紀錄片造假黑歷史
這已經不是BBC紀錄片第一次被曝出拍攝造假。下面這些被曝造假的紀錄片鏡頭，看看有沒有你曾經看過的。
《冰凍星球》（Frozen Planet）的北極熊
《冰凍星球》中有一幕北極熊母親挖冰窟並在其中產仔的畫面：
At one point, the camera follows a polar bear mother into the cave she just excavated deep into the ice.
有一段，鏡頭跟著北極熊媽媽進入了一個它剛挖好的冰窟。
Then the camera moves into the cave, where viewers enjoyed the tender scenes of the mom and her cubs.
接著鏡頭也進入了冰窟，觀眾看到了北極熊母子團聚的暖心畫面。
cub：幼獸
毫無疑問，北極熊的母愛和幼崽的萌態瞬間暖化了大家的心。但是如果你看到主創人員的工作照你就不會這麼覺得了……
沒錯，北極熊媽媽產仔的畫面實際是在動物園裡用假雪拍攝的。
“北極熊媽媽”挖的冰窟實際上是主創人員造出來的……
The scene was filmed in a zoo using fake snow. Mixing real Arctic shots with zoo scenes, documentary makers fooled the audience into believing the footage was gathered by intrepid cameramen in the brutal sub-zero wilderness.
這一畫面是在動物園裡用假雪進行拍攝的。畫面將動物園和北極拍攝的鏡頭剪切起來，糊弄觀眾，讓大家覺得這些畫面是勇敢的主創人員在零度以下的野外環境拍攝的。
In reality, the den was made of plaster and wood beneath a German zoo’s polar bear enclosure. It was fitted with cameras shortly before the cubs’ birth.
實際上，這個冰窟是用灰泥和木頭在一家德國動物園的北極熊圈建的，在北極熊產仔前架好了攝像機。
“英國趙忠祥”，國寶級解說員大衛·阿滕伯勒對此表態，這樣做是“為了動物的安全”（for the safety of the animal）。
If you had tried to put a camera in the wild in a polar bear den, she would either have killed the cub or she would have killed the cameraman, one or the other.
如果你真的把鏡頭對准北極熊的冰窟，北極熊要麼會殺了幼崽，要麼會殺了攝影師。
《人類星球》（Human Planet）的“野生狼”
在紀錄片《人類星球》中，因為當場找不到可以拍攝的狼（producers failed to find any wolves to film on location），他們找了一隻半馴化的狼。
The footage, broadcast as part of the acclaimedHuman Planet series, saw two Mongolian camel herders firing shots in the direction of the so-called wild animal as it tore across the plains of the Gobi desert before discussing their frustration when they failed to kill it.
在《人類星球》的畫面中，在一隻“野狼”倉皇穿過戈壁沙漠平原時，兩個蒙古駱駝牧人向著它開槍，后來兩人嘆息並沒射中它。
But the BBC has admitted that in fact, the semi-domesticated wolf had been let off a lead just off camera and was simply running to its handler, who was out of shot.
但后來BBC承認，實際拍攝場景是，這隻半馴養的狼剛剛被放出來，正跑向它的飼養員，而飼養員就在鏡頭外……
《地球秘密樂園》（Earth’s Secret Paradise）火山
這部紀錄片裡有一幕非常驚艷的自然景觀：火山爆發之時，在漫天的灰雲中，有一道瑰麗的閃電。
The programme purported to show a “dirty thunderstorm” above the Calbuco volcano in southern Chile, with flashes of lighting within clouds of ash.
節目有一幕據稱展現的是智利南部的卡爾布科火山上端火山灰雲中的閃電。
BBC還在推特上說，我們這閃電“火了”（gone viral）。
但實際上，這是合成的……
The lightning strikes were superimposed to the ash cloud to make the footage more dramatic. The main Calbuco volcano eruption was captured by the BBC in 2015 and the lightning shots were taken by a Chilean photographer in 2011 of a different volcano.
原來閃電是被疊加到火山灰雲上的，讓畫面具有了戲劇性的效果。火山爆發是2015年拍攝的，而閃電是智利的攝影師2011年在另一座火山拍到的。
2015年《地球脈動》（Planet Earth）
《地球脈動》中，有一幕以一隻鷹的視角，展現令人驚嘆的雪山景觀。
但實際上，這是用一隻馴養的鳥拍攝的……
《地球脈動2》中令人驚嘆的鷹的畫面是假的！BBC炫耀從高空跳傘的攝影師的冒險嘗試，但卻沒有說，關鍵的鏡頭都是由一隻來自野生動物保護區的叫Slovak的鷹拍攝的。
The BBC has revealed that breathtaking Planet Earth IIfootage that appeared to show a wild golden eagle's view of a mountainous habitat was actually filmed using a captive bird that lives in a wildlife sanctuary in France.
BBC透露，這一令人屏息的從鷹的視角拍攝山地的畫面實際是用法國的野生動物保護區的一隻鷹拍攝的。
The tame eagle, known as Slovak, was filmed swooping over the Alps at speeds of up to 200mph - taking viewers with it via a 'lipstick' camera strapped to its back.
這隻馴化的鷹叫Slovak，背后帶著一個“口紅式”攝像機以最高可達200英裡的時速在阿爾卑斯山脈一帶俯沖，帶觀眾一起領略刺激風景。
不知道BBC這樣拍紀錄片，你怎麼看？
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